Thursday, February 21, 2013

普選的關鍵與障礙

昨天我在立法會提出了從政以來,第七次之普選辯論動議。回歸十六年,如何達致普選這問題一直纏繞着 香港。○七、○八過去了,二○一二也過去了;究竟問題在哪裏?我相信普選的最大障礙在於缺乏互信:中央不信任香港人,香港人也不信任中央。一○年五區公投 後,連民主派內部也缺乏互信。

今天的我們,似乎離開普選愈來愈遠!中央不信任香港人,是因為我們的背景,也因為中央相信部分香港人不接受共 產黨:普選後的香港可能更難以駕馭,有些人會搞分離主義,有些人會搞港獨運動,怎麼辦?香港人不信任中央,是因為中央是極權主義者,也因為中央表面上不尊 重香港的核心價值如新聞、言論、思想自由等;再加上差不多每天都看到、聽到內地的負面新聞:一個貪腐專橫的政府如何可信?在香港民主派內,激進派不相信溫 和派,因為激進派相信只有以激進行動才能令中央「屈服」,溫和派只會「出賣」香港。溫和派不信任激進派,因為溫和派相信激進行動只會令中央態度更強硬,進 一步分化社會,令普選更遙遙無期。

既然缺乏互信基礎,要落實普選便首先要同時給予中央及香港安全感。所以落實真普選唯一關鍵在於避免極端的選舉結果。那麼怎樣才可以達致一個既令建制派與民主派互相制衡,但同時容許主流意見當道的民主選舉制度?讓我們試看看有沒有這樣的可行方案。

擴大選委會選民基礎

先說普選行政長官。《基本法》規定提名程序須包括一個有廣泛代表性的提名委員會。現時之共識似乎便是把選舉委員會轉化為提名委員會。

但 現今之選舉委員會只由二十八萬選民選出,並不符合廣泛代表性之要求。香港人怕這小圈子提名委員會只會把主要民間代表篩選出局,所以首要工作應是把選舉委員 會之選民基礎擴大至一個合理的水平,讓香港人感到主要民間代表不會被篩選出局。但中央也害怕一些激進、甚至反共的人當上特首,也害怕太多候選人令變數增 加。假如提名下限設於一百五十人,而提名上限設於二百人,那麼特首候選人只會是六至八位。再加上特首當選必須有過半數選票支持,那麼中央害怕失控之可能性 便會大大減低。

至於普選立法會,二○一○年的政改方案證實了全區比例代表制是可行的。更重要的是,全區選舉結果難以一面倒向一方。如果最終 方案是以全區比例代表制替代功能組別的話,那麼二○一六的政改方案必須把現有之五位全區比例代表制產生之議席增加,取消區議會提名之限制和分組點票,那麼 邁向全面普選的方向便更清晰了。這樣一來,香港人不用怕終極普選方案並不符合普及而平等之原則,中央也不用擔心激進政黨一黨獨大壟斷立法會。

當然,缺乏互信可能永遠存在;但中央有莊嚴承諾,港人有強烈訴求,普選這議題始終也要有一個了斷。民間說等不了,民主派說等不了,現在學者也說等不了。香港現正站在社會撕裂和動盪的邊緣,是時候要相信理性分析和政治判斷;因為香港成敗,正在此刻!

6 comments:

Frankie Fook-lun Leung said...

First, China lies. It was never its intention to let H K people to have universal suffrage. Second, too many people gave up a fight for a real election. You are a minority. Alas. Thirdly, China must realize that if there is no universal suffrage, H K may end up have moronic and incompetent chief executive like CY Leung. May be CY Leung will sue me for defamation.

Frankie Fook-lun Leung said...

Most people including Ronny and Frankie were misled or misunderstood that H K people can elect their own chief executive according to a real election. Not so, we are told. Hu Bong-kwok told Macau people which by extention to H K people, their political system is given by the Central Government. Take it or leave. I left.

Frankie Fook-lun Leung said...

The Chinese leader HU Bong-kok praised Macau for following their Basic Law and One Country Two Systems. Hence Macau's society enjoys harmony. By implication, H K is facing disturbance having people like you who demand this and demand that. You do not contribute to make H K society harmonious.

Frankie Fook-lun Leung said...

I feel your grief that China let you down for not giving H K the chance to have real elections both for the Chief Executive and Legco.

Frankie Fook-lun Leung said...

China permits foreigners to be judges of the Court of Final Appeal under the Basic Law because of One Country Two systems. Now China is saying foreign influences are undermining the H K system. Which one is right?

Frankie Fook-lun Leung said...

I will bet there wouldn't be a genuine universal suffrage election in 2017. Sorry.